Fitness and the selective adaptation of language

Russian Loanword Adaptation in Persian; Optimal Approach

In this paper we analyzed some of the phonological rules of Russian loanword adaptation in Persian, on the view of Optimal Theory (OT) (Prince and Smolensky, 1993, 2003). It is the first study of phonological process on Russian loanwords adaptation in Persian. By gathering about 50 current Russian loanwords, we selected some of them to analyze. We found out that vowel insertion, vowel prothesis...

English Language Teaching Material Development

The goal of language programs is to utilize language for effective communication. Due to the needs, interests, and motivations of language learners, they may show individual differences in their lan- guage learning. Materials used in language programs can be instructional, experiential, elucidative, or exploratory in that they can inform learners about the language, provide experience of the la...

Evaluate the Theory of Urban Villages and the Adaptation Rate of it with Alexander’s Pattern Language

EFL Classroom Discourse in Iranian Context: Investigating Teacher Talk Adaptation to Students’ Proficiency Level

How language teachers talk is a key factor in organizing and facilitating learning specifically in language classrooms where the medium of instruction is also the subject matter. This study aimed to examine the extent and ways of teacher talk adaptation to students’ proficiency levels in the Iranian EFL context. Two EFL teachers who were teaching three different proficiency levels were observed...

Attitudes towards English Language Norms in the Expanding Circle: Development and Validation of a new Model and Questionnaire

This paper describes the development and validation of a new model and questionnaire to measure Iranian English as a foreign language learners’ attitudes towards the use of native versus non-native English language norms. Based on a comprehensive review of the related literature and interviews with domain experts, five factors were identified. A draft version of a questionnaire based on those f...

Literature as History in Twelve Years a Slave and its Movie Adaptation

This paper tries to examine literature as history, with an emphasis on the crucial role of fiction in narrating the marginalized events of history. Some fictions are actual accounts of events in history, and some are reflection of events. Actually, literature and history are integrated to each other, in a way that, pure history which shows us the reality and truth is just a myth. The pens writi...